{"id":8061,"date":"2024-09-17T10:57:57","date_gmt":"2024-09-17T08:57:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/?p=8061"},"modified":"2026-03-12T22:00:43","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T21:00:43","slug":"superb-and-sinister-gargoyles-with-bat-like-wings-dantes-devil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/superb-and-sinister-gargoyles-with-bat-like-wings-dantes-devil\/","title":{"rendered":"Gargoyles with Bat-like Wings: Dante\u2019s Vision of the Devil"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Among the devil\u2019s most fascinating features are his bat-like <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/the-exuberant-beauty-of-gargoyle-wings\/\">wings<\/a><\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The association between the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/unusual-animals-in-gargoyle-imagery-i\/\">bat<\/a><\/strong> and the devil comes from the symbolism attributed to this little animal. We have already discussed this in an earlier post on depictions of fantastical beasts in <strong>gargoyles<\/strong>, but for now, recall that Origen of Alexandria (2nd-3rd centuries) considered the bat a symbol of heretics. In Poitou, there is a legend that Satan descended in the form of a bat into the middle of an irreverent dance, and the dancers fell one after another, killed by the mere touch of his wings. Bats are depicted in manuscripts (<em>The El Escorial Bestiary <\/em>and <em>The Oxford Bestiary<\/em>) and on choir stalls (Yuste, Poitiers). In addition the bat became the symbol of the Jewish people who \u201chate the light of day and love darkness\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5920 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Le\u00f3n.gif\" alt=\"gargolas, iconograf\u00eda, bestiario\" width=\"570\" height=\"428\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Le\u00f3n Cathedral (Spain)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Another of the creatures that has bat-like wings is the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/the-dragon-and-its-symbolism\/\">dragon<\/a><\/strong>. Baltru\u0161aitis says that the Far East is clearly a land of dragons. A drawing by Wu Tao-Zu (8th century) and a reproduction by Li Long-mien (11th to 12th centuries) both show dragons with membranous wings. In the 13th century, dragons were often depicted with bat wings and jagged crests. Men with bat-like wings were also born in these lands, as can be seen in some bronzes from the Tcheou dynasty (11th-3rd centuries BC). Most authors today admit that these wings were taken by the West from Chinese depictions of evil devils, not dragons, since Asian dragons almost never have wings. Besides dragons, the bat\u2019s membranous wings were also depicted on griffons, basilisks, <a href=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/animal-monsters-in-gargoyles\/\"><strong>hybrid beings<\/strong><\/a> and sea creatures, all sinister and demonic beasts.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-8061 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Salamanca.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Salamanca.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from Salamanca New Cathedral (Spain). It is a mythological animal: a dragon.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5925\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-5925'>\n\t\t\t\tSalamanca Cathedral (Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-2-6.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-2-6.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from the Monastery of Batalha (Portugal). It is a mythological animal: a dragon.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-5902\" srcset=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-2-6.jpg 850w, https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-2-6-500x375.jpg 500w, https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-2-6-610x458.jpg 610w, https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-2-6-510x382.jpg 510w, https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-2-6-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-5902'>\n\t\t\t\tBatalha Monastery (Portugal)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">In a previous post, we saw that wings are one of the features and characteristics associated with the <a href=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/the-devil-and-his-portrayal-in-gargoyles-i\/\"><strong>devil<\/strong><\/a>, although sometimes he is depicted without them. Recall that from the 9th to the 13th centuries, the devil was also portrayed with feathered wings like those of the angels, albeit darker and shorter. Link has argued that the devil did not have bat-like wings until 1300.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Consequently, around the 14th century, the devil began to be depicted with membranous wings, like those <strong>Dante described in his <em>Inferno<\/em><\/strong>. And it is precisely in Dante\u2019s work where we find one of the most beautiful yet terrifying descriptions of the devil. The <em>Inferno<\/em>, part of his <em>Divine<\/em> <em>Comedy<\/em>, written between approximately 1304 and 1321, contains what is probably one of the first references to the devil with bat-like wings. Although Dante mentioned mythological beings, for example Cerberus (Canto VI, 21-24) and dragons (\u201cThere lay a dragon with outspreading wings, that with its breath set fire to all it met\u201d; Canto XXV, 21-24), as well as <a href=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/the-devil-and-his-portrayal-in-gargoyles-iii\/\"><strong>snakes<\/strong><\/a> and other beings of an evil nature (\u201cA snake with six feet leapt from the ground and flung itself over one of them\u201d; Canto XXV, 48-51), his work is above all an essential source for demonic iconography.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">His superb <strong>description of Lucifer<\/strong> is a literary wonder:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">His mien was savage and menacing<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">And with his wings and nimble feet,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">How horrible he suddenly seemed to me! <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">(Canto XXI, 31-33) <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">There my mind was perplexed,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">To see three faces on his head.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">One in front, and that was red;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The other two joined with this<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Over one shoulder and another<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">And meeting at the crown.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The right-hand one was between white and yellow;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">The left-hand one, a shade that declares<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">It was burnt beside the shores of the Nile.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Two large wings sprang beneath each face,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Of a size suitable for such a bird<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">\u2014such sails never a boat hoisted.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Bat wings they were;<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Featherless but flapping,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Causing three winds<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">That froze the water of the Cocytus.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Six eyes streamed with tears,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Mingled with bloody foam.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Each mouth was crushing<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">A sinner, as if he were flax,<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><em><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Punishing the three equally. <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>(Canto XXXIV, 37-57).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><strong>Literature is a fundamental source for gargoyle iconography<\/strong>, as Dante is for images of the devil and his depiction in all the arts. The above image suggests the idea of a fallen angel, and massive bat-like wings form an essential part of the most beautiful and sublime depictions of evil. Of these, we would like to highlight the fresco in the church of St. Francis of Assisi,<em> The Expulsion of the Devils from Arezzo<\/em> (c. 1295-1300), by Giotto, which portrays devils with bat-like wings. This is a fundamental source to determine when this image of the devil emerged. Although Baltru\u0161aitis argues that it was borrowed from Chinese winged devils, other scholars such as Ockham assert that these devils emerged from Giotto\u2019s imagination. Perhaps we are witnessing one of those coincidences of images that arise in different places, and sometimes in the same period, as Delacampagne mentions: coincidences that are the product of certain immutable, logical, or psychological laws that merge into the literature and art of all times.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Devils with Membranous Wings<\/h2>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-8061 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Museo-de-los-Agustinos-de-Toulouse-Francia.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1506\" height=\"1027\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Museo-de-los-Agustinos-de-Toulouse-Francia.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from the Mus\u00e9e des Augustins in Toulouse (France). It is a winged demon.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-5943\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-5943'>\n\t\t\t\tAugustins Museum  (Toulouse, France)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from the Monastery of Batalha (Portugal). It is a winged demon.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-5941\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-5941'>\n\t\t\t\tBatalha Monastery (Portugal)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-La-Lonja-de-los-Burgueses-en-Brujas-B\u00e9lgica.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-La-Lonja-de-los-Burgueses-en-Brujas-B\u00e9lgica.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from Burghers&#039; Lodge (Bruges, Belgium) ). It is a winged demon.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-5935\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-5935'>\n\t\t\t\tBurghers&#8217; Lodge in Bruges (Belgium)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Iglesia-de-Santa-Mar\u00eda-Magdalena-en-Olivenza-Badajoz.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Iglesia-de-Santa-Mar\u00eda-Magdalena-en-Olivenza-Badajoz.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from the Church of Santa Mar\u00eda Magdalena in Olivenza (Badajoz, Spain). It is a winged demon.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-5933\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-5933'>\n\t\t\t\tChurch of Santa Mar\u00eda Magdalena in Olivenza (Badajoz, Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-1.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-1.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from the Monastery of Batalha (Portugal). It is a winged demon.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-5937\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-5937'>\n\t\t\t\tBatalha Monastery (Portugal)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Colegiata-de-San-Antol\u00edn-de-Medina-del-Campo-Valladolid.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1081\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Colegiata-de-San-Antol\u00edn-de-Medina-del-Campo-Valladolid.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from the Collegiate Church of San Antol\u00edn in Medina del Campo (Valladolid, Spain). It is a winged demon.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-5931\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-5931'>\n\t\t\t\tCollegiate Church of San Antol\u00edn in Medina del Campo (Valladolid, Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-St-1.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-St-1.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from St. Michel Cathedral in Carcassonne (France). It is a winged demon.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-5929\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-5929'>\n\t\t\t\tCathedral of St. Michel in Carcassonne (France)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Burgos-1.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Burgos-1.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Demonic gargoyle from Burgos Cathedral (Spain).\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-5917\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-5917'>\n\t\t\t\tBurgos Cathedral (Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Aquisgr\u00e1n-Alemania-1.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Aquisgr\u00e1n-Alemania-1.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Demonic gargoyle from Aachen Cathedral (Germany).\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-5913\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-5913'>\n\t\t\t\tAachen Cathedral (Germany)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Bruselas-B\u00e9lgica-2.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Bruselas-B\u00e9lgica-2.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Demonic gargoyle from Brussels Cathedral (Belgium).\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-5915\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-5915'>\n\t\t\t\tBrussels Cathedral (Belgium)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Catedral-Salamanca-5.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Catedral-Salamanca-5.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Demon gargoyle of the New Cathedral of Salamanca. It has bat wings and crossed legs.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-14059\" srcset=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Catedral-Salamanca-5.jpg 850w, https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Catedral-Salamanca-5-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 850px, 100vw\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-14059'>\n\t\t\t\tSalamanca Cathedral (Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Monasterio-de-los-Jeronimos-de-Lisboa-Portugal-7.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Monasterio-de-los-Jeronimos-de-Lisboa-Portugal-7.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Demon gargoyle of the Jer\u00f3nimos Monastery in Lisbon (Portugal). It has bat wings and a dog\u2019s head.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-14055\" srcset=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Monasterio-de-los-Jeronimos-de-Lisboa-Portugal-7.jpg 850w, https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Monasterio-de-los-Jeronimos-de-Lisboa-Portugal-7-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 850px, 100vw\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-14055'>\n\t\t\t\tJer\u00f3nimos Monastery in Lisbon (Portugal)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Catedral-de-Bayonne-Francia-5.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Catedral-de-Bayonne-Francia-5.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Demon gargoyle of the Cathedral of Bayonne (France). It has large, fan-shaped membranous wings and great expressiveness.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-14053\" srcset=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Catedral-de-Bayonne-Francia-5.jpg 850w, https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Catedral-de-Bayonne-Francia-5-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 850px, 100vw\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-14053'>\n\t\t\t\tBayonne Cathedral (France)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Archivo-de-la-Corona-de-Aragon-Barcelona.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Archivo-de-la-Corona-de-Aragon-Barcelona.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Demon gargoyle of the Archive of the Crown of Aragon in Barcelona. It has enormous membranous wings that meet at the chest.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-14051\" srcset=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Archivo-de-la-Corona-de-Aragon-Barcelona.jpg 850w, https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Archivo-de-la-Corona-de-Aragon-Barcelona-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 850px, 100vw\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-14051'>\n\t\t\t\tArchive of the Crown of Aragon (Barcelona, Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5927 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Segovia.gif\" alt=\"gargolas de Segovia\" width=\"570\" height=\"428\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Segovia Cathedral (Spain)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bibliography consulted<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">ALIGHIERI, D., <em>Comedia. Infierno<\/em>, traducci\u00f3n, pr\u00f3logo y notas de A. Crespo, Barcelona, Editorial Seix Barral, S. A. Biblioteca Formentor, 2008.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">BALTRU\u0160AITIS, J.,<em> La Edad Media fant\u00e1stica. Antig\u00fcedades y exotismos en el arte g\u00f3tico<\/em>, Madrid, Ediciones C\u00e1tedra, S. A., 1987.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">CHARBONNEAU-LASSAY, L., <em>El bestiario de Cristo. El simbolismo animal en la Antig\u00fcedad y la Edad Media<\/em>, Palma de Mallorca, Jos\u00e9 J. de Ola\u00f1eta, Editor, 1997.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">DELACAMPAGNE, A. y C., <em>Animales extra\u00f1os y fabulosos. Un bestiario fant\u00e1stico en el arte<\/em>, Madrid, Editorial Casariego, 2005.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">LINK, L., <em>El Diablo. Una m\u00e1scara sin rostro<\/em>, Madrid, Editorial S\u00edntesis, S. A., 2002.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Among the devil\u2019s most fascinating features are his bat-like wings. The association between the bat and the devil comes from the symbolism attributed to this little animal. We have already discussed this in an earlier post on depictions of fantastical beasts in gargoyles, but for now, recall that Origen of Alexandria (2nd-3rd centuries) considered [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14057,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[482],"tags":[183,187,392,185,186],"class_list":["post-8061","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gargoyles-of-angels-and-demons","tag-arte-en","tag-gargolas-en","tag-gargolas-de-demonios-en","tag-historia-en","tag-investigacion-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8061","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8061"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8061\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19810,"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8061\/revisions\/19810"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14057"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8061"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8061"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8061"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}