{"id":8106,"date":"2024-10-08T10:17:24","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T08:17:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/?p=8106"},"modified":"2025-09-27T17:53:56","modified_gmt":"2025-09-27T15:53:56","slug":"women-and-their-representation-in-gargoyles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/women-and-their-representation-in-gargoyles\/","title":{"rendered":"Women and their Representation in Gargoyles"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">One of the most fascinating aspects of art is the <strong>representation of women<\/strong>. There is sufficient material to write several theses about this enthralling subject, but here you have a brief contribution in recognition of the importance of the female figure in all the arts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Today\u2019s post is devoted to the representation of women in <strong>gargoyles<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Although some of the theories held about women in the distant past now seem ludicrous and unacceptable, they nevertheless serve to shed light on past convictions and female representations in many gargoyles. Unfavourable attitudes towards women, especially in the period in which mediaeval gargoyles appeared, influenced many of the gargoyles in cathedrals and other buildings.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">One example of these theories is that given by Aristotle (4th century BC), which subsequently influenced mediaeval theologians, who considered women to be \u201cdefective men\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Meanwhile, Augustine of Hippo (4th-5th centuries) stated that humans are divided into two parts, where the superior element (reason and the spirit) is masculine and the inferior element (the body, the flesh) is feminine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">In the Bible, the harlot (Babylon) is depicted as a woman clothed in purple and scarlet, wearing jewels and seated on a scarlet beast with seven heads and ten horns and blasphemous titles (Ap. 17, 1-8).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Le Goff contends that in the Middle Ages, Christian religion conveyed and dictated its principles, teachings and also its repressions to society. In this period, even original sin came to be viewed as a sin of the body, a sexual sin, when in truth it was a sin of pride. Hence, the body \u2014and by extension, woman\u2014 was the primary victim of Adam\u2019s and Eve\u2019s sin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-8106 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Parroquia-de-San-Pedro-en-Gata-C\u00e1ceres.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Parroquia-de-San-Pedro-en-Gata-C\u00e1ceres.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from the Parish Church of San Pedro in Gata (C\u00e1ceres, Spain). It is a human figure.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-6065\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-6065'>\n\t\t\t\tChurch of San Pedro in Gata (C\u00e1ceres, Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Mar\u00eda-Inmaculada-de-Vitoria-1.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1126\" height=\"634\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Mar\u00eda-Inmaculada-de-Vitoria-1.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from Mar\u00eda Inmaculada Cathedral in Vitoria (Spain). It is a human figure.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-6095\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-6095'>\n\t\t\t\tCathedral of Mar\u00eda Inmaculada in Vitoria (Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Continuing with biblical texts, another of the figures related to Eve and the <a href=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/the-devil-and-his-portrayal-in-gargoyles-iii\/\"><strong>serpent<\/strong><\/a> is Lilith, a female devil possibly of Assyro-Babylonian origin who seduced and devoured men, attacking them like a vampire as they slept. Also known as Adam\u2019s first wife, Lilith is usually depicted with long hair and wings, and sometimes with a serpent\u2019s tail. This figure subsequently influenced 19th century representations of the <em>femme fatale<\/em>. Although the term <em>femme fatale<\/em> was first coined in the second half of the 19th century, and appears in works of art or literature by Munch, Klimt and Wilde, the concept has been depicted in all the arts from ancient times until the present day, one shining example of the latter being the famous femmes fatales of 1940s American film noir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-8106 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Iglesia-de-Nuestra-Se\u00f1ora-de-Tr\u00e9veris-Alemania.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Iglesia-de-Nuestra-Se\u00f1ora-de-Tr\u00e9veris-Alemania.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from the Church of Our Lady in Trier (Germany). It is a human figure.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-6059\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-6059'>\n\t\t\t\tChurch of Our Lady in Trier (Germany) \n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-3.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-3.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from the Monastery of Batalha (Portugal). It is a human figure.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-6071\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-6071'>\n\t\t\t\tBatalha Monastery (Portugal)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">As we saw earlier in one of the posts on the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/the-devil-and-his-portrayal-in-gargoyles-iv\/\">devil<\/a>,<\/strong> he is sometimes depicted with female attributes. Devils with women\u2019s breasts appeared in the late Middle Ages, a time when women symbolised evil and guilt, and there was a greater interest in the diabolical. The devil, women and monsters formed a powerful blend, and monstrous images proliferated, with satanic and lascivious shapes and attributes. This was combined with images of old women and witches.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-3 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-3' class='gallery galleryid-8106 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/214-16.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/214-16.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Demon gargoyle of the Cathedral of Burgos. It has acanthus wings and breasts. Located on the lantern tower.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-13751\" srcset=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/214-16.jpg 850w, https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/214-16-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 850px, 100vw\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-13751'>\n\t\t\t\tBurgos Cathedral (Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-9.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-9.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from the Monastery of Batalha (Portugal). It is a monstrous woman.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-6081\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-6081'>\n\t\t\t\tBatalha Monastery (Portugal)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gargola-Museo-Provincial-Salamanca-411.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"563\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gargola-Museo-Provincial-Salamanca-411.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle on the Provincial Museum of Salamanca. A witch woman with a stake.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-11062\" srcset=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gargola-Museo-Provincial-Salamanca-411.jpg 563w, https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gargola-Museo-Provincial-Salamanca-411-480x639.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 563px, 100vw\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-11062'>\n\t\t\t\tProvincial Museum of Salamanca (Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-7.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-7.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from the Monastery of Batalha (Portugal). It is a woman.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-6077\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-6077'>\n\t\t\t\tBatalha Monastery (Portugal)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Palacio-de-Monterrey-Salamanca.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Palacio-de-Monterrey-Salamanca.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from the Palace of Monterrey in Salamanca (Spain). It is a human figure.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-6083\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-6083'>\n\t\t\t\tMonterrey Palace (Salamanca, Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-1-1.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-1-1.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from the Monastery of Batalha (Portugal). It is a human figure.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-6067\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-6067'>\n\t\t\t\tBatalha Monastery (Portugal)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Grotesco-de-la-Catedral-de-Mar\u00eda-Inmaculada-de-Vitoria-2.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"726\" height=\"634\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Grotesco-de-la-Catedral-de-Mar\u00eda-Inmaculada-de-Vitoria-2.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Grotesque from Mar\u00eda Inmaculada Cathedral in Vitoria (Spain). It is a human figure.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-6087\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-6087'>\n\t\t\t\tGrotesque. Cathedral of Mar\u00eda Inmaculada in Vitoria (Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Grotesco-de-la-Catedral-de-Mar\u00eda-Inmaculada-de-Vitoria-1.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1126\" height=\"634\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Grotesco-de-la-Catedral-de-Mar\u00eda-Inmaculada-de-Vitoria-1.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Grotesque from Mar\u00eda Inmaculada Cathedral in Vitoria (Spain). It is a human figure.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-3-6085\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-3-6085'>\n\t\t\t\tGrotesque. Cathedral of Mar\u00eda Inmaculada in Vitoria (Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">All this is clearly manifested in the <em>Malleus Maleficarum <\/em>(1487), an inquisitorial treatise associated with the terrible witch hunts that took place at the time. In the <em>Malleus<\/em>, women are viewed as monsters and associated with depravity, since a woman was responsible for the fall and original sin. Mediaeval society\u2019s superstition about witches was a projection of fear of women, represented as evil. Thus, women served as a scapegoat.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-4 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-4 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-4 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-4 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-4' class='gallery galleryid-8106 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-8.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-8.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from the Monastery of Batalha (Portugal). It is a woman.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-4-6079\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-4-6079'>\n\t\t\t\tBatalha Monastery (Portugal)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Lonja-de-Valencia.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Lonja-de-Valencia.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from la Lonja de Valencia. It is a human figure.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-4-6063\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-4-6063'>\n\t\t\t\tValencia Lonja (Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Palau-de-la-Generalitat-Barcelona-2.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Palau-de-la-Generalitat-Barcelona-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Ornamental gargoyle or grotesque from the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona. A woman pulling her hair while snakes bite her breasts.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-4-14145\" srcset=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Palau-de-la-Generalitat-Barcelona-2.jpg 850w, https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Palau-de-la-Generalitat-Barcelona-2-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 850px, 100vw\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-4-14145'>\n\t\t\t\tPalace of the Generalitat (Barcelona, Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Archivo-de-la-Corona-de-Aragon-Barcelona-3.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Archivo-de-la-Corona-de-Aragon-Barcelona-3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from the Archive of the Crown of Aragon in Barcelona. A woman pulling her hair while snakes bite her breasts.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-4-14141\" srcset=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Archivo-de-la-Corona-de-Aragon-Barcelona-3.jpg 850w, https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Archivo-de-la-Corona-de-Aragon-Barcelona-3-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 850px, 100vw\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-4-14141'>\n\t\t\t\tArchive of the Crown of Aragon (Barcelona, Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gargola-de-la-Catedral-de-Rodez-Francia.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"638\" height=\"850\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gargola-de-la-Catedral-de-Rodez-Francia.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle of a naked human figure. Cathedral of Rodez (France).\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-4-14149\" srcset=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gargola-de-la-Catedral-de-Rodez-Francia.jpg 638w, https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gargola-de-la-Catedral-de-Rodez-Francia-480x639.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 638px, 100vw\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-4-14149'>\n\t\t\t\tRodez Cathedral (France)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-2-1.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-2-1.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from the Monastery of Batalha (Portugal). It is a human figure.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-4-6069\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-4-6069'>\n\t\t\t\tBatalha Monastery (Portugal)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6097 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Valencia-24.gif\" alt=\"g\u00e1rgola canal\u00f3n arquitectura\" width=\"570\" height=\"428\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Valencia Cathedral (Spain)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">This negative attitude towards women in the past has given rise to numerous representations in art, and is also reflected in gargoyles through images of devils or monsters with the breasts of a seductive woman, as old women or as witches. These were joined by <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/mythology-and-fascinating-mythical-creatures-in-gargoyles\/\">mythological animals<\/a><\/strong>, half animal and half woman who symbolised evil and lust, such as gorgons, echidnas, sirens, harpies and the sphinx.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-6075 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-del-Monasterio-de-Batalha-Portugal-6.gif\" alt=\"gargolas mitologia harpia\" width=\"570\" height=\"428\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Batalha Monastery (Portugal)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">However, as always, every extreme has its opposite, and the same periods also produced exceptionally beautiful representations, ranging from classical sculptures to images of the Virgin with touchingly beautiful faces and female figures in Renaissance, Baroque and contemporary art. Gargoyles are no exception. These may depict female monsters, female devils, ugly old women and witches, but they can also represent beautiful women with stunning faces and postures, garbed in the attire of a given period, as well as gargoyles depicting the theme of motherhood.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-5 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-5 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-5 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-5 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-5' class='gallery galleryid-8106 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Iglesia-de-Santa-Mar\u00eda-la-Mayor-de-Valderrobres-Teruel.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Iglesia-de-Santa-Mar\u00eda-la-Mayor-de-Valderrobres-Teruel.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from the Church of Santa Mar\u00eda la Mayor in Valderrobres (Teruel, Spain). It is a human figure.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-5-6061\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-5-6061'>\n\t\t\t\tChurch of Santa Mar\u00eda la Mayor in Valderrobres (Teruel, Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Girona.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Girona.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from Girona Cathedral (Spain). It is a human figure.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-5-6051\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-5-6051'>\n\t\t\t\tGirona Cathedral (Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Burdeos-Francia-1.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Burdeos-Francia-1.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from Bordeaux Cathedral (France). It is a human figure.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-5-6047\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-5-6047'>\n\t\t\t\tBordeaux Cathedral (France)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Burdeos-Francia-2.gif'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/G\u00e1rgola-de-la-Catedral-de-Burdeos-Francia-2.gif\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from Bordeaux Cathedral (France). It is a human figure.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-5-6049\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-5-6049'>\n\t\t\t\tBordeaux Cathedral (France)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-6 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-6 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-6 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-6 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-6' class='gallery galleryid-8106 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-full'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Palau-de-la-Generalitat-Barcelona-1.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Palau-de-la-Generalitat-Barcelona-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Ornamental gargoyle or grotesque from the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona. A woman in ancient dress with a child on her lap.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-6-14143\" srcset=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Palau-de-la-Generalitat-Barcelona-1.jpg 850w, https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Palau-de-la-Generalitat-Barcelona-1-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 850px, 100vw\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-6-14143'>\n\t\t\t\tPalace of the Generalitat (Barcelona, Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Archivo-de-la-Corona-de-Aragon-Barcelona-2.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Archivo-de-la-Corona-de-Aragon-Barcelona-2.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle from the Archive of the Crown of Aragon in Barcelona. An anthropomorphic figure with the head and body of a woman and hairy or scaly legs. A child is suckling at one of her breasts.\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-6-14139\" srcset=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Archivo-de-la-Corona-de-Aragon-Barcelona-2.jpg 850w, https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Archivo-de-la-Corona-de-Aragon-Barcelona-2-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 850px, 100vw\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-6-14139'>\n\t\t\t\tArchive of the Crown of Aragon (Barcelona, Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Torre-Gotica-de-Alcaniz-Teruel-1.jpg'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Torre-Gotica-de-Alcaniz-Teruel-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Gargoyle of a pregnant woman by sculptor Jos\u00e9 Miguel Abril. Gothic Tower of Alca\u00f1iz (Teruel).\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-6-14147\" srcset=\"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Torre-Gotica-de-Alcaniz-Teruel-1.jpg 850w, https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Torre-Gotica-de-Alcaniz-Teruel-1-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 850px, 100vw\" title=\"\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-6-14147'>\n\t\t\t\tGothic Tower in Alca\u00f1iz (Teruel, Spain)\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Images of women in the art of all periods convey meaning (moral, philosophical, social, etc.) and reflect the changing status of women over the course of history. Artists have left us works that are not only sensational but also possess a wealth of artistry, symbolism and themes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Given the subject of the present post in relation to gargoyles, we would like to end with something we consider noteworthy. One of the first iconographic studies on gargoyles was written by a woman in 1847, one year before the first plans were drawn up for Notre Dame, in Paris. F\u00e9licie d\u2019Ayzac was one of the first female art historians in France. She published a study of thirty-two chimeric sculptures sited at the top of the towers of the abbey of Saint-Denis, entitled <em>Zoological Hybrids<\/em> <em>in Christian Statuary<\/em>, an extraordinary and praiseworthy academic work with which to conclude this brief tribute to <strong>women in art<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bibliography consulted<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">BORNAY, E., <em>Las hijas de Lilith<\/em>, Madrid, Ediciones C\u00e1tedra (Grupo Anaya, S. A.), 2018.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">CAMILLE, M.,<em> The Gargoyles of Notre-Dame. Medievalism and the Monsters of Modernity<\/em>, Chicago and London, The University of Chicago Press, 2009.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">KAPPLER, C., <em>Monstruos, demonios y maravillas a fines de la Edad Media<\/em>, Madrid, Ediciones Akal, S. A., 1986.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">KENAAN-KEDAR, N., <em>Marginal Sculpture in Medieval France. Towards the deciphering of an enigmatic pictorial language<\/em>, Hants (England) and Vermont (USA), Scolar Press and Ashgate Publishing Company, 1995.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">KRAMER, H. y SPRENGER, J., <em>Malleus Maleficarum. <\/em><em>El martillo de los brujos<\/em>, Barcelona, Reditar Libros, S. L., 2006.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">LE GOFF, J. y TRUONG, N., <em>Una historia del cuerpo en la Edad Media<\/em>, Barcelona, Ediciones Paid\u00f3s Ib\u00e9rica, S. A., 2005.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; One of the most fascinating aspects of art is the representation of women. There is sufficient material to write several theses about this enthralling subject, but here you have a brief contribution in recognition of the importance of the female figure in all the arts. Today\u2019s post is devoted to the representation of women [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6073,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[479,476],"tags":[183,187,185,186],"class_list":["post-8106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gargoyles-of-human-figures","category-the-language-of-gargoyles","tag-arte-en","tag-gargolas-en","tag-historia-en","tag-investigacion-en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8106"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8106\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6073"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/doloresherrero.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}